Benefits of Metformin for Women Over 50—Plus Easy Ways To Minimize the Side Effects

That little pill you’ve been taking for blood sugar? It may be doing more for you than you realize. Metformin, which can cost as little as $5 a month, has been a go-to type 2 diabetes treatment for decades. But researchers are uncovering benefits that matter especially to women over 50—from sharper vision to healthier aging. Here’s what the science says about the benefits of metformin and potential side effects, plus how to take it so you get the most good with the least discomfort.

What is metformin used for?

Think of metformin as a behind-the-scenes helper for your metabolism. “Metformin is a medication that is used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes,” explains Jennifer Chung, MD, a board-certified internist. “It works by several mechanisms, mainly through decreasing the production of glucose by the liver, reducing the absorption of glucose from the intestinal tract and increasing insulin sensitivity.”

According to UC Health, an estimated 200 million people worldwide take metformin to prevent or treat type 2 diabetes. It’s also prescribed off-label for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)—now known as polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS)—and modest weight loss.

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Wellness

6 Signs Metformin Is Working—Plus How Long Before You See Results

Metformin, an oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, is often prescribed off-label for weight loss. It helps to control blood sugar by reducing both the amount of glucose produced by the liver and the amount of glucose absorbed by the gut. Over time, that can lead to improved insulin sensitivity, gradual weight loss […]

5 benefits of metformin

Beyond its original intended use for managing high blood sugar levels and diabetes, metformin delivers a host of other health benefits. Some surprising perks:

Sharper eyes

A study in BMJ Open Ophthalmology followed more than 2,000 adults over 50 with type 2 diabetes for five years. Those taking metformin had a 37 percent lower risk of developing advanced age-related macular degeneration. The medication’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may help protect cells in the back of the eye, says Eve Elizabeth K. Pennie, MD.

A healthier heart

Metformin has been linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks in people with diabetes. Lynn Westphal, MD, board-certified ob-gyn, says this may be due to anti-inflammatory effects, improved endothelial function and favorable effects on lipid profiles.

Easier weight loss

Users typically lose about 5 percent of body weight, compared with 15 to 20 percent on semaglutide medications like Ozempic, according to Pamela Tambini, MD, medical director at Engage Wellness. The drug improves insulin regulation and may mildly suppress appetite.

Improved longevity

New research in eLife suggests metformin interacts with ATP5I, a mitochondrial protein that helps cells produce energy. “It has been shown that when you alter your energy metabolism by a small margin, it can initiate or stimulate your body’s mechanisms to protect itself from cell damage and stress,” explains Sadia Saeed, MD. The end result: healthier aging.

Lower cancer risk

Some observational studies have linked metformin use to lower rates of certain cancers, possibly because it lowers insulin and helps stabilize metabolism, says Dr. Westphal.

Metformin side effects to know about

Most women tolerate metformin well, especially when starting at a low dose. Still, side effects can crop up early on. Frank Dumont, MD, executive medical director at Virta Health, says the most common metformin side effects include:

• Bloating
• Diarrhea
• Gas
• Nausea
• Stomach discomfort or pain 
• Vomiting

A metallic or bitter taste, called dysgeusia, is another bother. Long-term use can also lead to vitamin B12 deficiency, which may cause fatigue, weakness or tingling in the hands and feet. Women may even notice thinning hair or changes in hair texture, adds Aaron Emmel, PharmD.

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Metformin vs Ozempic: Which Is Better for Weight Loss (And Your Wallet)?

With weight loss drugs like metformin and Ozempic gaining popularity, it’s essential to understand how they compare. So we had a doctor weigh in on their effectiveness, cost and side effects to help you choose the best option for your health goals. “They share a role in managing type 2 diabetes, but they differ significantly […]

How to minimize metformin side effects

If you’ve recently been prescribed metformin, a few small habits make a real difference in helping you feel your best. 

Time it with food

Metformin comes in two main forms: immediate release (IR) and extended release (ER). “Most people take the IR version with breakfast and again with dinner,” Dr. Dumont said. “Taking metformin IR with [those two meals] can help to lessen the gut side effects.” Aim for doses about 12 hours apart. The ER version is once daily and absorbs better with a meal—many women prefer evenings so they can sleep through any mild discomfort.

Soothe your stomach

For GI upset, Dr. Tambini suggests staying hydrated, eating smaller meals and easing up on carbonated drinks. A probiotic may help rebalance gut bacteria, though check with your doctor first. To combat any metallic taste, sip plenty of water, chew sugar-free gum and skip overly spicy or acidic foods. To make it easier to stay hydrated on the go, toss a leakproof water bottle like the BrüMate Rise 18 oz. into your purse before leaving the house.

Supplement with vitamin B12

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“Be sure to take a multivitamin that contains vitamin B12 with metformin, otherwise [the medication] can cause B12 deficiency,” says Jacob Teitelbaum, MD. Regular blood tests can monitor your levels, and B12-rich foods like fish, dairy and eggs help, too.

The bottom line on metformin benefits and side effects

For women over 50, metformin offers more than blood sugar support. With the right timing, the right form and a few small habits, you can ease side effects and tap into benefits your future self will thank you for.

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