Here’s What You Should Know About the Latest Mpox Outbreak, Vaccine Eligibility and How to Stay Safe
The virus belongs to the same family as smallpox, and while less severe, can still make people sick
If you’ve been following the news lately, you may have heard or read a headline about the Mpox virus. Formerly known as monkeypox, the virus was officially declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) on August 14, 2024. This comes after a surge in cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and multiple African countries. It is the second emergency related to Mpox in two years.
With the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic still fresh, it’s no surprise that some people are worried this could be the next big health crisis, escalating to a global outbreak. But what exactly is Mpox, and how concerned should you be? To answer these questions, we spoke to Uche Ralph-Opara, MD, MPH, MBA, Chief Health Officer for Project HOPE. She helps unpack all you need to know about the causes and symptoms of Mpox, prevention tips and the latest vaccine information.
What is the Mpox virus?
“Mpox…is a viral ‘zoonotic‘ disease caused by the monkeypox virus,” explains Dr. Ralph-Opara. “This virus belongs to the same family that includes smallpox, but luckily, it tends to be less severe. However, it can still make people quite sick, especially those with weakened immune systems or other health issues.”
A rare infectious viral disease most common in central and western Africa, Mpox was originally discovered in 1958 in laboratory monkeys. It can infect both humans and animals. An outbreak was first reported in Africa in 2022, with origins in the DRC. While Mpox has two types, Clade I or Clade II, a new and more serious variant, Clade Ib, appears to spread more easily. Currently, it has spread throughout 18 African countries. However, WHO emphasized in a statement that it is “not the new COVID.” On Monday, August 26, the agency launched a six-month plan to help stop the outbreaks.
What are the symptoms of Mpox?
The virus typically spreads through close contact with an infected person or animal, or through contaminated materials. But the current outbreaks have raised concerns from direct skin-to-skin transmission, including sexual contact.
“The symptoms usually don’t show up immediately (the incubation period can range from five to 21 days) — so someone could be carrying the virus without realizing it,” says Dr. Ralph-Opara. “When symptoms do appear, they often start with a fever and swollen lymph nodes, followed by a rash that goes from flat spots to raised bumps and eventually forms scabs.”
Most people recover from Mpox within a few weeks. However, some individuals – especially those with weakened immune systems – can experience more severe symptoms. People most at risk include those who have had close contact with an infected person, older people and men who have sex with men (MSM). But anyone can contract the virus if exposed.
How to prevent the Mpox virus
Preventing the spread of Mpox requires a combination of good hygiene practices and awareness of transmission risks. Dr. Ralph-Opara outlines her best practices below to stay safe:
- Avoid close contact: “It’s best to avoid people who are showing symptoms or have been diagnosed with Mpox.”
- Practice good hygiene, like washing your hands: “Regular hand washing with soap or using hand sanitizer is a simple but effective way to protect yourself.”
- Wear protective gear when needed, especially if exposed to Mpox: “If you’re caring for someone with Mpox, it’s essential to use personal protective equipment like gloves and masks.”
- Be careful around animals: “Avoiding contact with wild animals and pets that may have been around infected animals is a good idea.”
- Stay informed: “Keeping up with news about the virus in your community/country can help everyone be more cautious and aware of potential risks.”
Is there a vaccine?
“There is a vaccine called JYNNEOS that’s effective against Mpox,” says Dr. Ralph-Opara, which is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). “It was originally developed for smallpox, but it works for Mpox, too. The vaccine is recommended for people who have been exposed to the virus, healthcare workers and anyone living in or traveling to areas with active Mpox cases.”
Where can you get a vaccine? “Depending on your location, you can usually find the vaccine at local health departments, clinics or from healthcare providers. It’s a good idea for anyone interested to check in with their doctor to see if they’re eligible,” says Dr. Ralph-Opara. For older adults, Dr. Ralph-Opara recommends taking preventive steps seriously and considering vaccination.
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This content is not a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis. Always consult your physician before pursuing any treatment plan.
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